After planting, peanuts should be monitored routinely for proper growth and pest problems. If stands are poor or if the plants are weak and deformed, it may be necessary to replant in order to get a good stand of healthy peanuts. However, it is important to try to determine the reason for the poor stands. If it is poor seed, you may have to find another seed source. If it is disease, you may have to modify the seed treatment being used. If it is caused by soil compaction, dryness or other reasons, then the problems should be corrected before the peanuts are replanted.

Weed control is very important to making high yields. Peanut weed control information can be found at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg008. Season-long weed control is necessary since weeds present at digging and harvest can disrupt these operations, resulting in yield losses. Many growers have ceased to use tillage after planting even if tillage was done to prepare a seedbed. Proper use of herbicides may eliminate the need for cultivation. Researchers have reported that each cultivation can result in the loss of one inch of soil moisture, which can have a major impact on peanuts in a dry year without irrigation.

If peanuts are planted late, it may be necessary to apply fungicides starting 30 days after peanuts emerge. If peanuts have been planted early, fungicide application for leafspot control should begin about 30–45 days after planting, but no later than June 15. Leafspot disease is much worse in warm, wet weather than in cool, dry weather. Fungicides for leafspot control are one of the major costs in growing peanuts. If leafspot is controlled, higher yields are obtained and there are fewer problems from white mold, which can be caused by the defoliated leaves rotting and providing a nutrient source for the white mold fungus. Rust and other pests of peanuts must be monitored closely. Leafspot can typically be managed by applying an appropriate fungicide spray every 10–14 days, with this interval being shortened in case of frequent rainfall. Generally, all seed are fungicide treated since the peanut skin is very fragile and can be broken easily.

Thrips are one of the major early-season pests of peanuts (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in176) and are often controlled by seed treatment or an in furrow application of material at plant. Many of these materials are systemic and will provide several weeks of control. Lesser corn stalk borers can be damaging to peanuts from planting until harvest. This is primarily a dry weather pest, so plenty of rain and/or irrigation should keep the population at low levels. Other insect pests of peanuts include worms that eat leaves. Weekly scouting can identify these pests so that proper control measure can be taken.

Nematodes should be managed by good rotation and use of nematicides (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng016). Certain nematicides can be applied at pegging, but nematodes cannot be effectively controlled in a crop after infestation. In other words, nematodes must be controlled on a preventative basis. Some nematicides and insecticides are applied before or at planting time. Fumigant nematicides are applied before planting while contact or systemic nematicides may be applied during the planting operation. In severe cases rotating with bahiagrass or other perennial grasses can greatly reduce the problem.